Ethical And Ethical Challenges Of Organizations - 1536 Words

â€Å"A major problem we identify in business is that organisations are designed as profit making mechanisms and have no interest in the good of society† (Bartlett Preston, 2000). Companies always want to have an ethical advantage over other companies but only for the profit. With globalisation and technological advances, it can put a stress on some companies as they always need profit and market share to be successful and grow. â€Å"Individual managers (tone at the top) play an essential role making sure (that unethical behaviour) doesn t happen,† (Heskett, 2011). Companies rely on their top managers to make these hard decisions about ethics. Though the company had these values and views it is the managers who make the decision for the business. Hence companies in a competitive environment will not always be ethical. (Angelo Kinicki, 2015) There are four approaches to deciding ethical dilemmas; utilitarian approach is guided by what will result in the greatest good for the greatest number of people. The individual approach is guided by what will result in the individual’s best long term interests. The moral-right approach is guided by respect for the fundamental rights of human beings. Last the justice approach is guided by respect for impartial standards of fairness and equity. These approaches can be used by companies. They can help and provide guidelines for companies when faced with ethical dilemmas, this provides an alternative method. Ethical dilemmas often occur becauseShow MoreRelatedEthical Challenges in Business Organization (Maybank)5985 Words   |  24 PagesEconomics and Management Sciences Department of Business Administration Business Ethics MGT 3020 Dr. Naail Mohammed Kamil Ethical Challenges in Business Organization: A Study of Maybank Investment Bank Group Members: Atiqah Bt Dalik 1223400 Aida Abidah Bt Anuar 1220954 Alya Maisarah Bt Zainal 1228000 Nor Amira Suhada Bt Othman 1224892 Ethical Challenges in Business Organization: A Study of Maybank Investment Bank Atiqah Bt Dalik(1), Aida Abidah Bt Anuar(2), Alya Maisara Bt Zainal(3), Nor AmiraRead MoreEthical Leadership And Ethical Decision Making Are A Challenge For Any Organization Or Institution Essay6614 Words   |  27 Pages ED.D Organization Leadership Doctoral Qualifying Examination Student Examination ID Number QOL002 â€Æ' A. Ethical leadership and ethical decision making are a challenge for any organization or institution. Within your professional area/industry, analyze how and why ethical practices and behaviors are critical to your discipline and to the success of organizations. Justify your response in detail with three examples of current ethical practices and discuss the key theoretical conceptsRead MoreThe Ethical And Legal Challenges Of Mattel, Inc. Organization1805 Words   |  8 Pagesvirtues chosen as it relates to the ethical and legal challenges to the Mattel, Inc. organization. In addition, this paper will provide three examples of virtue ethics: courage, humility, and. Each will be described on how the virtues selected might have been used to more appropriately guide the actions, behaviors, and/or policies of the Mattel Company. Organizations who want to be successful must commit to finding leaders who are willing to exemplify ethical behaviors and promoting virtue inRead MoreImportance Of Business Ethics On Previous And Current Literature Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesbeing used, sensitivity of questions asked, content and length, method of administering, and sufficient response rate. In this type of research, business ethics research, the researchers are striving to obtain quantitative data or the frequency of ethical attitudes, behaviors, and experiences among the sample population (Rowley, 2014). There are several advantages and disadvantages to questionnaires. The advantages of using a questionnaire for research include standardized data collection, low costRead MoreEthical Issues Within The Field Of Human Resources1657 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizations are increasingly facing problems with ethical issues in the field of human resources. Among the biggest ethical concerns businesses faced are th e quality of work life, diversity at the workplace, worth of an individual, impartiality of human resources managers, and fair remuneration of employees. These issues present challenges mainly due to attaining a balance between the interest of the organization and requirements of employees. Ranking them based on effect on productivity and organizationalRead MoreEssay on Uop Ethics/316 Week 5 Cross Cultural Perspectives1340 Words   |  6 Pagesto similar ethical scenarios. Beekum, Stedam, and Yamamura (2003) suggest these differing conclusions will lead to conflict where one side perceives the outcome is ethical whereas the other does not. Another possible outcome is that one side may not even see a decision even being morally significant. Global organizations have the additional challenge when operating within a multi-national environment of recognizing cultural differences while maintaining a core moral and ethical foundation. Read MoreCultural Values and Personal Ethics Pa per1583 Words   |  7 Pagesvalues are in disagreement, an ethical dilemma occurs. This article attempts to explain how personal, cultural, and organizational values play significant parts in decision-making. In addition, the foundation of ethical dilemmas can often be traced to conflicting values. This paper will also briefly discuss how ethical dilemmas can be mitigated. A practical approach for understanding how ethical dilemmas occur, how dilemmas can be prevented, and how to make ethical decisions can best be done byRead MoreThe Ethics Of Public Health Essay1123 Words   |  5 Pagesof our role have special responsibilities for ethical conduct and ethical practices that go beyond meeting minimum legal and regulatory standards.† – American Public Health Association adopted a code of ethics developed by the Public Health Leadership Society. †¢ APHA’s code of Ethics identifies: o Values and beliefs that are key assumptions underlying a public health perspective of health, community, and bases for action o Principles of the ethical practice of public health based on these explicitRead MoreEthical Issues Of The Healthcare Essay756 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Systems in Healthcare Ethical Issues in Healthcare â€Å"If you don’t have integrity, you have nothing. You can’t buy it. You can have all the money in the world, but if you are not a moral and ethical person, you really have nothing†. –Henry Kravis - The American healthcare system delivers some of the finest care in the world. However, despite the high level of achievement delivered from the American healthcare system, it is afflicted with problems. Ethical issues that occur in the healthcareRead MorePersonal Model of Ethical Leadership1303 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Model of Ethical Leadership Personal Model of Ethical Leadership: Ethical leadership is an important aspect that should be practiced by all individuals in leadership positions despite of whether the leadership is intentional or unintentional, or formal or informal. However, practicing ethical leadership is difficult in some cases, especially when there are tough decisions to be made while the appropriate choice is unpleasant though its clear. Notably, ethical leadership is quite important

Value Chain as Competitive Advantage - 1024 Words

Value Chain as Competitive Advantage Unit 3 Assignment Bobby Young-Mentgen GB570 Managing the Value Chain Pricilla Aaltonen Kaplan University September 25, 2012 Value Chain as Competitive Advantage Customer-centric businesses focus on consistently delivering a differentiated experience designed to satisfy the customer. The ultimate goal is to sustain competitive advantage in the marketplace. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate why an effective value chain creates competitive advantage. Review of Concepts Value Chain The value chain is a concept developed by recognized Harvard business management expert Michael Porter in his book Competitive Advantage (1985). It breaks up the various elements of producing and†¦show more content†¦The key success of the company focused upon value elements of low costs, low prices, and the business innovation of the firm. IKEA’s desire was and is to convey to the customer that the function of its business is to create value, not use it. Successful linkage of IKEAs value chain activities served as a framework for developing customer delight, thus creating a sustainable competitive advantage (Guy 2011). Hewlett Packard integrates the inbound and outbound logistics, operation and service, marketing and sales, and a series of supporting activities as its main competitive advantages and cooperates with partners in a value delivery model, which not only maximizes its own profit but also benefits its customers and partners. HP successfully discovers its value proposition and continues developing and reinforcing its value production and coordination. By the establishment of alliances, using of product platform, continuous concentrate in service improvement, Ramp;D and brand building, HP has successfully delivered values to meet customers’ and other stakeholders’ expectations creating a sustainable competitive advantage (Zhang 2010). Example of Unsuccessful Company Mitsubishi in Australia is an example of an unsuccessful company. By the time Ford strategized industry drivers necessary for success, it was too late (Walters, 2007). Conclusion TheShow MoreRelatedValue Chain Competitive Advantage1627 Words   |  7 PagesValue Chain as Competitive Advantage Unit 3 Assignment Katherine Moore GB570 Managing the Value Chain Jerry Haenisch, PhD. Kaplan University December 27, 2012 Value Chain as Competitive Advantage Industries have in the earlier years concentrated on enhancing the supply chain activities in search of creating value. Nonetheless, optimizing these activities, only can lead to operative proficiency and not structural effectiveness. Contritely, when an organization, focus on growingRead MoreValue Chain : Competitive Advantage1444 Words   |  6 PagesValue Chain as Competitive Advantage If a firm sustain profits that exceed the industry average, said firm is said to have a competitive advantage. The goal of any given business strategy is to achieve a competitive advantage. Moreover, the goal of a successful business strategy is a sustainable competitive advantage. The question is how does a firm create that competitive advantage? According to Michael Porter, to achieve a competitive advantage, a firm must perform one or more value creating activitiesRead MoreValue Chain : Competitive Advantage1492 Words   |  6 PagesValue Chain as Competitive Advantage The idea of a value chain was first proposed by Michael Porter (1985) who identified that the more value an organization creates, the more profitable it is likely to be. Porter describes the value chain as the internal processes or series of activities a company performs â€Å"to design, produce, market, deliver and support its product† (Porter, 1985). John Shank and V. Govindarajan (1993) describe the value chain in broader terms than does Porter, affirming â€Å"theRead MoreValue Chain : Competitive Advantage1300 Words   |  6 PagesValue Chain as Competitive Advantage If a firm sustain profits that exceed the industry average, said firm is said to have a competitive advantage. The goal of any given business strategy is to achieve a competitive advantage. Moreover, the goal of a successful business strategy is a sustainable competitive advantage. The question is how does a firm create that competitive advantage? According to Michael Porter, to achieve a competitive advantage, a firm must perform one or more value creating activitiesRead MoreValue Chain as Competitive Advantage1295 Words   |  6 PagesValue Chain as Competitive Advantage Unit 3 Assignment Christine Washington GB570 Managing the Value Chain Jerry Haenisch, Professor Kaplan University November 12, 2012 Value Chain as Competitive Advantage Effective value chain as a competitive advantage can contribute significantly to the prosperity of a firm in the competitive arena, but it can cause dire situations if not operated properly (Guy, 2011). However, there are conflicts among companies as to how stakeholders think theyRead MoreValue Chain for Competitive Advantage6510 Words   |  27 PagesCorporate and operational managers strive to create more value by optimizing the supply-chain activities. Optimization of supply chain activities means competition from other firms, primarily on cost-efficiency. However, optimization of supply chain activities alone cannot always yield a source of competitive advantage. This is for the simple reason that value chain not only seeks to do away with the activities that do not add value, but establishes the importance of other support activities, includingRead MoreCompetitive Advantage And The Value Chain1400 Words   |  6 Pages Competitive Advantage and the Value Chain Unit 3 Assignment Trecia Grimes Kaplan University GB570: Managing the Value Chain Dr. Rita Gunzelman September 25, 2017 â€Æ' Corporate Social Responsibility and the Value Chain It is difficult for an organization to remain competitive in today’s market without taking Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) into consideration. In today’s market consumers are more aware of how businesses develop their products and service. A few major concerns for consumersRead MoreDell Competitive Advantage and Value Chain Analysis1544 Words   |  7 PagesStrategic Management: Dell Value Chain Activities Analysis INTRODUCTION According to Porter the value chain is defined as the complete flow of products from the suppliers to the customers and management of the information flow in a way that maximizes the consumer satisfaction with the increase in the profit margins of the company.(ivythesis,2009) Dell’s value chain is one of a kind, they outsource all there components across the world and then assemble and sells it directly to the customers. DellRead MoreCompetitive Advantage Through Value Chain And Vertical Integration1072 Words   |  5 Pageswhat are they doing to maintain competitive advantage? Rise of technology has given birth to competition by giving companies new ways to perform at higher levels and this has also led to the ways companies are producing their products and services. Technology has affected several sections of an organization by having an impact on business communications, company’s HR practices, and organizational changes. Therefore, in order to gain and maintain competitive advantage, a company must do one of the two;Read MoreUsing Porter’s Value Chain Framework, Explain How Technology Can Help an Organisation to Gain a Competitive Advantage1967 Words   |  8 PagesIn order to analyse the various types of activities which would help in the creation of competitive advantage he use of Porter’s Value Chain Analysis are done. The value chain analysis will help in order to perform two main activities such as primary support activities. The primary activities in the value chain analysis takes into consideration inbound and outbound logistics, marketing and sales after sales service. Whereas the support activities takes into consideration, procurement of raw materials

Emergence of Malls in India Free Essays

Malls as we understand, is a form of organized retailing. They lend an ideal shopping experience with an amalgamation of product, service and entertainment, all under a common roof. Before going into the details of emergence of malls, let’s see how the Indian retail sector has evolved over the years and how the concepts of malls came into being. We will write a custom essay sample on Emergence of Malls in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now The era of rural retail industry could be categorized into two formats:  weekly markets  and  village fairs. Primarily, weekly formats catered to the daily necessities of villagers. Village fairs were larger in size with a wide variety of goods sold from food, clothing, cosmetics and small consumer durables. The traditional era saw the emergence of the neighborhood ‘Kirana’ store to cater to the convenience of the Indian consumers. The era of government support saw indigenous franchise model of store chains run by Khadi ; Village Industries Commission. The KVIC has a countrywide chain of 7000 plus stores in India. This period also witnessed the emergence of shopping centers with car parking facility. The modern era has a host of small and large formats with exclusive outlets showcasing a complete range of products. The department stores and shopping malls targeting to provide a complete destination experience for all segments of the society. The hyper and super markets are consistently trying to provide the customer with the 3 Vs (Value, Variety ; Volume). Over the last three years, this sector has witnessed an exorbitant growth due to the establishment of numerous international quality formats to suit the Indian purchase behavior, the improvement in retail processes, the development of retail specific properties and the emergence of both domestic and international organizations has witnessed the emergence of malls. it is not just the north of the country that is seeing a furious construction of malls. Visakhapatnam, a fast-growing city in the southern state of Andhra Pradesh, is witnessing a huge demand for shopping malls. The biggest of them, CMR Shopping Mall, occupies 60,000 square feet over five floors. The throngs of buyers who visit the mall are working class and office employees of the numerous public and private sector outfits that are based in Visakhapatnam. Similarly, Ahmedabad in western India is slowly becoming a magnet for shopping malls. More than half a dozen malls have sprung up in Ahmedabad, known as a fading city of dying textile mills until a few years back. The biggest of them, aptly called Super Mall, occupies a gargantuan 90,000 square feet and has 200 shops in its folds. But the biggest mall-construction activity in India is taking place, as expected, in Mumbai, the country’s financial and business capital. In all, 25 malls are under construction, each measuring anything between 90,000 and 600,000 square feet. A hefty Rs. 4 billion (US $87 million) is being pumped into these projects by 20 investors. About a dozen malls are already up and running in the up-market south side of the city, as well as the downmarket distant suburbs. Making the job easier for the anchors is a gradual change in the Indian economy from a socialistic to a capitalistic one. This has led to a rise in the numbers of middle-class consumers, their wallets stuffed with more disposable income. According to one estimate, over the past three years, consumer spending has increased at a respectable rate of 12% per annum. Another reason for the ongoing boom in mall activity is the opportunity to retailers for a greater accessibility to real estate at affordable prices. Part of this is due to easier availability of bank and institutional finance. And in places such as Mumbai, the freeing up of much-needed real estate. This has happened with the many closed textile mills in the central part of the city now being allowed to exploit their real estate for other commercial purposes. Investors are attracted by the 14% returns in the malls business, compared to 11% in the office segment and 6% in the residential segment. For the young crowd, malls have become areas in which to â€Å"hang out†, to catch up with friends in stores like Cafe Coffee Day and Barista, each vying to be the Starbucks of India. There’s also an entertainment factor, with more and more of the youngsters beginning to see shopping as an enjoyable thing to pass the time. How to cite Emergence of Malls in India, Papers

Ethics in Accounting and Reliability

Question: Discuss about the Ethics in Accounting and Reliability. Answer: Introduction Financial failure of a corporation does not affect only its shareholders but the entire economy. The stakeholders other than the owners such as lenders, suppliers, government, society, and the environment are affected adversely at large by the failure of a company. Thus, it becomes crucial to analyze and evaluate the default risk of the firms and take corrective measures timely so that the situation of financial distress could be avoided. In this regards, the analysis of financial statements has been referred to as the essential tool. The analysts have been using financial statements to analyze the default risk of the firm since long (Otalor and Eiya, 2013). However, in the recent years, the discloser of many corporate scandals such as Enron (2001), WorldCom (2002), and the recently one of Wells Fargo (2015), has put the reliability of the financial statements into a questionable situation (Accounting-degree, 2017). The discloser of these scandals reveals that evaluation of the defau lt (bankruptcy) risk through analysis of the financial statements may not reliable. Therefore, there arises a need to perform alternative procedures to measure the default risk of the firms. In this context, the essay presented here analyzes the thesis that, Whether the analysis of financial statements to evaluate the default (bankruptcy) risk is appropriate or not. The default or bankruptcy risk is the risk that the firm may not be able to meet its debt commitments on time leading to insolvency. The insolvency of the firm means end of the business operations of the firm. When the firms debt rises so high that its assets are not able to cover it up, the situation of bankruptcy arises. The firm goes into liquidation after being declared insolvent and sells its assets to pay the debt lenders and creditors. This process brings the entity to an end. Reliability of the Financial Statements in Measuring the Default Risk The information presented in the financial statements is used to analyze the financial performance and financial health of the firm. In measuring the default risk, one requires to closely analyze the debt position of the firm. For the purpose of analyzing, the debt position of the firm, the information pertaining to long term debt, interest expense, supplier dues, total assets, equity, and profitability is important (Lucic, 2014). The information in relation to these items can be extracted from the financial statements of the firm which majorly comprises the statement of income, balance sheet, and the statement of cash flows. However, the information presented in the financial statements is based on the historical data. Thus, the analysis of financial statements provides view of the historical and current financial performance and position of the firm. The analysis of historical trend and the current conditions in regard to financial performance is crucial to measure the default risk (Lucic, 2014). Thus, it could be inferred that the analysis of the financial statements is necessary to assess the default risk and predict the future performance. However, the reliability of the information presented within the financial statements becomes a measure issue in this regard. As has been observed in the many cases of corporate scandals, the financial statements were manipulated (Abdullah, Almsafir, Al-Smadi, 2015). The information presented in the financial statements of Enron was misleading. Further, the accountants also played with the ethical standards in certifying the fake accounts of Enron. The management presented manipulated information in regard to financial performance and position of the company, which laid wrong evaluation of the bankruptcy risk. According to the views of the analysts, the company was financially sound and well versed immediately before being declared involvement (Li, 2010). Kindly refer to the chart given below: A big deviation in the value of assets and revenues could be observed before and after declaration of insolvency. The total assets were $65.50 billion in 2000 that is before declaration of insolvency which dropped significantly to $47.30 billion in 2001 after declaration of insolvency. Further, the revenues dropped from $100.60 billion to $-0.60 billion (Li, 2010). This shows that the company reported fake revenues and assets in the financial statements. The use these fake figures in assessing the default or bankruptcy risk can present only deceptive picture resulting into an inappropriate analysis. Thus, it could be inferred that in order to assess the risk of bankruptcy of the firm, the analysts need to opt for additional measures apart from the analysis of financial statements. The analysis of financial statements alone may not be sufficient to uncover all the aspect related to bankruptcy risk (Li, 2010). Need for Other Approaches to Measure Default Risk It has been observed that the financial statements may not present the true picture of the business of firm. The financial statements may be misleading in certain cases leading to wrong evaluation of the default risk. Thus, it is quite necessary that the analysts use other approaches along with the analysis of the financial statements (Altman and Hotchkiss, 2010). The use of only the financial statements analysis in assessing the default or bankruptcy risk will not be sufficient. Therefore, the analysis of financial statements should be supported by the analysis of other reports, documents, and processes of the firm. In the recent years, there have been observed common trend in the financial market in regard to use of reports of independent body on the borrowing firms financial worth. Further, the lenders also require reports of credit rating agencies to ensure that the borrowing firms are financially capable to pay back the debt (Altman and Hotchkiss, 2010). Further, the other approaches which may involve evaluation of corporate governance of the company and the stewardship of the directors. The lenders are putting much emphasis on the compliance with the corporate governance aspects in considering the lending decisions (Wang and Lin, 2010). In order to control and reduce the risk of default, it is important for every organization to maintain stringent corporate governance environment. The regulators around the world are also taking measures to make the corporate governance a crucial part of the organizations operations. Further, the companies are also required to prepare and submit to the regulators the report on compliance with the corporate governance rules and regulations. The analysis of corporate governance report also plays an important role in assessing the creditworthiness of the borrowers and evaluating the default risk (Wang and Lin, 2010). Conclusion The discussion in this essay resolves around the issues that whether the financial statement analysis is a reliable approach to measure the default or bankruptcy risk and whether is it needed to adopt other approaches to analyze the default risk. From the discussion in this essay, it can be concluded that the assessment of default risk based on the analysis of financial statements alone could be misleading. Therefore, there is a need to adopt other approaches so as to make the assessment of default risk more meaningful and effective. From the revelations of many corporate scandals, it has been observed that the financial statements of the firms may be manipulated and thus, the assessment of default risk based on the manipulated financial statements would be inappropriate. References Abdullah, Z., Almsafir, M.K., Al-Smadi, A.A. 2015. Transparency and Reliability in Financial Statement: Do They Exist? Evidence from Malaysia. Open Journal of Accounting, 2015(4), pp. 29-43. Accounting-degree. 2017. Top 10 Accounting scandals of all times. [Online]. Available at: https://www.accounting-degree.org/scandals/ [Accessed on: 15 March 2017]. Altman, E.I. and Hotchkiss, E. 2010. Corporate Financial Distress and Bankruptcy: Predict and Avoid Bankruptcy, Analyze and Invest in Distressed Debt. John Wiley Sons. Lemus, E. 2014. The Financial Collapse of the Enron Corporation and Its Impact in the United States Capital Market. Global Journal of Management and Business Research: D Accounting and Auditing, XIV(IV), pp. 1-50. Li, Y. 2010. The Case Analysis of the Scandal of Enron. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(10), pp. 37-41. Lucic, L. 2014. Financial ratios in the function of business risk assessment. Online Journal of Applied Knowledge Management, 2(3), pp. 21-34. Otalor, J.I. and Eiya, O. 2013. Ethics in Accounting and the Reliability of Financial Information. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(13), pp. 73-81. Wang, C.J. and Lin, J.R. 2010. Corporate Governance and Risk of Default. International Review of Accounting, Banking, and Finance, 2(3), pp. 1-27.